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The simultaneous anxiolytic and arousal-promoting effect of NPS suggests an involvement in mood control and vigilance, making the NPS—NPS receptor system an interesting potential drug target. Here we examined, in detail, the distribution of NPS-immunoreactive IR fiber arborizations in brain regions of rat known to be involved in the regulation of sleep and arousal. Then we applied the single platform-on-water mainly REM sleep deprivation method to study the functional role of NPS in the regulation of arousal.

Of the three pontine NPS cell clusters, the NPS transcript levels were increased only in the peri-coerulear group in sleep-deprived animals, but not in stress controls. The density of NPS-IR fibers was significantly decreased in the median preoptic nucleus-VLPO region after the sleep deprivation, while radioimmunoassay and mass spectrometry measurements showed a parallel increase of NPS in the anterior hypothalamus.

The present results suggest a selective activation of one of the three NPS-expressing neuron clusters as well as release of NPS in distinct forebrain regions after sleep deprivation. Taken together, our results emphasize a role of the peri-coerulear cluster in the modulation of arousal, and the importance of preoptic area for the action of NPS on arousal and sleep.

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Daniele De Rosa, David W. Department of Geological Sciences and W. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to David W. Reprints and Permissions. De Rosa, D. Effect of organic and mineral N fertilizers on N 2 O emissions from an intensive vegetable rotation. Biol Fertil Soils 52, — Download citation. Received : 10 January Revised : 04 May Accepted : 07 May Published : 18 May Issue Date : August Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:.

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. Skip to main content. Search SpringerLink Search. Abstract Predicting and accounting for the nitrogen N supplied by organic amendments can reduce the application of mineral N fertilizer without yield penalty as well as decreasing N 2 O emissions. Paris Kuzyakov Y Priming effects: interactions between living and dead organic matter.

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